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Some of Trump’s allies have resisted subpoenas, including Steve Bannon. Arrests continue, as do congressional hearings over the attack by supporters of President Donald Trump. INSURRECTION: Interest was driven by the deadly Jan. Among its runners-up in the word biography of 2021: The company has been declaring a word of the year since 2008.
While other dictionary companies choose words of the year by committee, Merriam-Webster bases its selection on lookup data, paying close attention to spikes and, more recently, year-over-year increases in searches after weeding out evergreens. Inoculation, on the other hand, dates to 1714, in one sense referring to the act of injecting an “inoculum.”Įarlier this year, Merriam-Webster added to its online entry for “vaccine” to cover all the talk of mRNA vaccines, or messenger vaccines such as those for COVID-19 developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. It was borrowed from the New Latin “vaccina,” which goes back to Latin’s feminine “vaccinus,” meaning “of or from a cow.” The Latin for cow is “vacca,” a word that might be akin to the Sanskrit “vasa,” according to Merriam-Webster. The first known use stretches back to 1882 but references pop up earlier related to fluid from cowpox pustules used in inoculations, Sokolowski said. The word “vaccine” wasn’t birthed in a day, or due to a single pandemic. So did vaccine hesitancy and friction over vaccine passports. Debates over inequitable distribution, vaccine mandates and boosters kept interest high, Sokolowski said. The world’s first jab occurred earlier that month in the UK.Ĭompared to 2019, when there was little urgency or chatter about vaccines, Merriam-Webster logged an increase of 1,048% in lookups this year. shot was administered in New York in December after quick development, and months of speculation and discussion over efficacy. “The pandemic was the gun going off and now we have the aftereffects,” Sokolowski said.Īt Merriam-Webster, lookups for “vaccine” increased 601% over 2020, when the first U.S. And it comes after Merriam-Webster chose “pandemic” as tops in lookups last year on its online site. Find DOIs from print publications or ones that go to dead links with doi.org's "Resolve a DOI" function, available on the site's home page.ĪPA 7 also advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source.The selection follows “vax” as word of the year from the folks who publish the Oxford English Dictionary.
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Note also that some online bibliographies provide an article's DOI but may "hide" the code under a button which may read "Article" or may be an abbreviation of a vendor's name like "CrossRef" or "PubMed." This button will usually lead the user to the full article which will include the DOI. Many-but not all-publishers will provide an article's DOI on the first page of the document. They are unique to their documents and consist of a long alphanumeric code. DOIs are an attempt to provide stable, long-lasting links for online articles. Please note: Because online materials can potentially change URLs, APA recommends providing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), when it is available, as opposed to the URL. Online Scholarly Journal Article: Citing DOIs Access the archived version by clicking "View History," then clicking the date/timestamp of the version you'd like to cite.
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Note also that the manual recommends linking to the archived version of the page, rather than the current version of the page on the site, since the latter can change over time. For this reason, the date refers to the date that the cited version of the page was published.
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Wikipedia articles often update frequently. If the page names an individual author, cite their name first:
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For a complete list of how to cite electronic sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited electronic sources. Including the retrieval date for these sources indicates to readers that the version of the work they retrieve may be different than what was originally used. Additionally, APA 7 th edition no longer requires the use of “Retrieved from” before URLs or DOIs special exceptions, however, are made for resources that are unarchived. If the month and date are not available, use the year of publication. When possible, include the year, month, and date in references. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces (e.g., should look like this).
Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019.